عاجل وهام

[محمد صالح محمد]

السلام عليكم ...
هذه اول مشاركة لي أو بالأحرى هي طلب .. وفي بدايته أحب أن أشكر الأخوة القائمين على هذا الموقع الأكثر من رائع ومفيد . داعيا الله أن يجعله في ميزان حسناتهم ...
أما طلب فهو بخصوص الحماية التفاضلية المستعملة في حماية خطوط النقل وقضبان التوزيع والمحولات كيفيتها أو طريقتها وعيوبها ومشكاكلها، وخاصة في خطوط النقل لأني أعمل حاليا في مشروع التخرج وهو بعنوان " تحسين حساسية المرحل التفاضلي الرقمي للأعطال الداخلية في محولات القدرة وقضبان التوزيع وخطوط النقل " وفكرته هو دراسة الحماية التفاضلية العادية للمحولات وخطوط النقل والباص بار والبحث عن مشاكلها وعيوبها ومن ثم تصميم مرحل رقمي لحل هذه المشاكل مستخدمين هنا برنامج الماتلاب ...
أرجوووووو المساعده لأن الموضوع في غاية الاهمية ... ولكم جزيل الشكر

[رافد الشاوي]

الاخ العزيز
هناك عوام تؤثر على حساسيه جهاز مناول المسافه
مثلا اختلاف محولات التيارحيث كما تعلم ان اعتماد مناول التفاضلي على محولات التيار بصوره رئيسه على الجهات المراد حمايتها
ان طبيعه تشغيل محولات القدره تلتزم عند بدء التشغيل تيار عالي لذلك هي تؤثر على حساسيه المناول
لان للتغلب على هذه المشاكل يستعمل ملف اضافي للسيطرة على هذه المشاكل مما يؤدي الى عدم حساسيه جهاز الحمايه

[على عبدالرحمن]

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
هذه بعض المعلومات ااتى قد تفيدك
ولكن ارجو نسخها على ملف PDF كى تجد فيها المفيد
MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546  
*******S
1. REFERENCE CONDITIONS 7
2. PROTECTION FUNCTIONS 8
2.1 Phase current differential protection 8
2.1.1 Phase current biased differential characteristic settings 8
2.1.2 Phase current differential high set characteristic settings (P541 and P542) 8
2.1.3 Differential protection operating and reset times 8
2.1.4 Inverse time (IDMT) characteristic 8
2.1.4.1 Required Time Multiplier Settings for IEC/UK curves 9
2.1.4.2 Required Time Dial Settings for IEEE/US curves 9
2.1.4.3 Definite time characteristic 9
2.1.5 Capacitive cable charging current settings (P543, P544, P545 and P546) 10
2.1.6 Vectorial compensation settings (P541 and P542) 10
2.1.7 Current transformer ratio compensation setting 10
2.1.8 Accuracy 10
2.2 Three Phase Non-Directional / Directional Overcurrent Protection 11
2.2.1 Setting ranges 11
2.2.2 Time delay settings 11
2.2.2.1 Inverse Time (IDMT) Characteristic 11
2.2.2.2 Time Multiplier Settings for IEC/UK curves 12
2.2.2.3 Time Dial Settings for IEEE/US curves 12
2.2.2.4 Definite Time Characteristic 12
2.2.2.5 Reset Characteristics 12
2.2.3 Accuracy 13
2.2.4 IEC IDMT Curves 14
2.2.5 ANSI/IEEE IDMT curves 15
2.3 Earth Fault Protection 16
2.3.1 Setting ranges 16
2.3.1.1 Earth Fault, Sensitive Earth Fault 16
2.3.1.2 Polarising Quantities for Earth Fault Measuring Elements (Models P543, P544, P545, &
P546 only) 16
2.3.2 EF and SEF time delay characteristics 16
2.3.3 Wattmetric SEF settings - P543, P544, P545 & P546 (Zero sequence power settings) 16
2.3.4 Accuracy 17
2.3.4.1 Earth fault 17
2.3.4.2 SE F 17







 
 

  
 
 

 

2.3.4.3 Wattmetric SEF 17
2.3.4.4 Polarising Quantities 17
2.4 Undercurrent 18
2.4.1 Setting ranges 18
2.4.2 Accuracy 18
2.5 Broken Conductor Logic 18
2.5.1 Setting ranges 18
2.5.2 Accuracy 18
2.6 Transient Overreach and Overshoot 18
2.6.1 Accuracy 18
2.7 Thermal Overload 18
2.7.1 Setting ranges 18
2.7.2 Accuracy 19
2.8 Distance protection {P543, P544, P545 and P546} 19
2.8.1 Setting ranges 19
2.8.2 Accuracy 19
2.9 Stub bus protection {P544 & P546} 19
2.9.1 Accuracy 19
2.10 Direct transfer trip and inter-relay command transfer 20
2.11 Permissive intertrip 20
2.11.1 Setting ranges 20
2.11.2 Accuracy 20
2.12 Single phase output contacts {P543, P544, P545 and P546} 20
2.12.1 Accuracy 20
2.13 Protection signalling channel, dual redundancy, channel failure, propagation time
check and error statistics 20
2.13.1 Setting ranges 20
2.13.2 Accuracy 21
2.14 Compatibility with External interfaces 21
2.14.1 P590 Series optical fibre to electrical interface units – Performance 21
2.14.2 P594 GPS Synchronising Module 21
3. SUPERVISORY FUNCTIONS 22
3.1 Voltage Transformer Supervision {P543, P544, P545 and P546} 22
3.1.1 Setting level 22
3.1.2 Accuracy 22
3.2 Programmable scheme logic 22


 




MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546  
3.2.1 Level settings 22
3.2.2 Accuracy 22
4. CONTROL 23
4.1 Autoreclose {P542, P543 and P545} 23
4.1.1 Level settings 23
4.1.2 Accuracy 23
4.2 Display Control and Setting Groups 23
4.2.1 Level settings 23
4.2.2 Performance 23
4.3 Differential protection re-configuration/inhibit current differential protection 23
4.3.1 Performance 23
5. MEASUREMENTS AND RECORDING FACILITIES 24
5.1 Measurements 24
5.2 IRIG-B and Real Time Clock 24
5.2.1 Features 24
5.2.2 Performance 24
6. POST FAULT ANALYSIS 25
6.1 Fault Records 25
6.1.1 Features 25
6.1.2 Performance 25
6.2 Disturbance Records 25
6.2.1 Level settings 25
6.2.2 Accuracy 25
6.3 Fault Locator Settings {P543, P544, P545 and P546} 26
6.3.1 Level settings 26
6.3.2 Accuracy 26
7. PLANT SUPERVISION 26
7.1 CB State Monitoring Control and Condition Monitoring 26
7.1.1 Level settings 26
7.1.2 Accuracy 26
7.2 CB State Monitoring Control, breaker fail and backtrip, breaker fail timer 26
7.2.1 Level settings 26
7.2.2 Accuracy 26
8. LOCAL AND REMOTE COMMUNICATIONS 27
8.1 Front Port 27
8.2 Rear Port 1 27







 
 

  
 
 

 

8.2.1 Performance 27
8.3 Second Rear Communication Port 28
8.4 Ethernet Communications (P543, P544, P545 and P546) 28
9. DIAGNOSTICS 29
9.1 Features 29
9.2 Performance 29
10. RATINGS 30
10.1 Nominal ratings 30
10.1.1 Currents (All P540 range) 30
10.1.2 Voltage inputs (All P540 range) 30
10.1.3 Auxiliary voltages (All P540 range + P594 as indicated) 30
10.1.3.1 P540 range 30
10.1.3.2 P594 31
10.1.4 ‘Universal’ Logic inputs (P540 range) 31
10.1.5 Output contacts (P540 range) 31
10.1.6 Field voltage (P540 range) 31
10.2 Burdens 31
10.2.1 Current (P540 range) 31
10.2.2 Voltage (P540 range) 31
10.2.3 Auxiliary voltage 32
10.2.3.1 P540 range 32
10.2.3.2 P594 GPS Module 32
10.2.4 Logic inputs (P540 range) 32
10.2.5 Optically isolated inputs 32
11. CT REQUIREMENTS (P540 RANGE) 33
11.1 Current differential protection 33
11.2 Earth fault protection 33
12. HIGH VOLTAGE WITHSTAND (P540 RANGE & P594) 34
12.1 Dielectric withstand, impulse, insulation resistance and ANSI test requirements
insulation test voltage 34
12.1.1 Impulse 34
12.1.2 Dielectric withstand 34
12.1.3 ANSI dielectric withstand 34
12.1.4 Insulation resistance 34
13. ELECTRICAL ENVIRONMENT 35
13.1 Performance criteria 35


 




MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546 

13.1.1 Class A 35
13.1.2 Class B 35
13.1.3 Class C 35
13.2 Auxilary supply tests, dc interruption, etc. 35
13.2.1 DC voltage interruptions 35
13.2.1.1 P540 RANGE 35
13.2.2 DC voltage fluctuations 36
13.2.2.1 P540 range 36
13.2.2.2 P594 GPS Receiver Module 36
13.3 AC voltage dips and short interruptions 36
13.3.1 AC Voltage short interruptions 36
13.3.1.1 P540 range 36
13.3.2 AC voltage dips 36
13.3.2.1 P540 range 36
13.4 High Frequency Disturbance IEC 60255-22-1:1988 Class III. (P540 range & P594 GPS
Receiver) 36
13.5 Conducted / Radiated emissions (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver) 37
13.5.1 Conducted emissions 37
13.6 Conducted / Radiated Immunity (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver) 37
13.6.1 Conducted immunity 37
13.6.2 Radiated immunity 37
13.6.3 Radiated immunity from digital radio telephones 37
13.7 Electrostatic Discharge (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver) 37
13.8 Surge Immunity (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver) 38
13.9 Power Frequency Interference (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver) 38
13.10 Surge Withstand Capability (SWC) - (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver) 38
13.11 Radiated Immunity (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver) 38
13.12 Power Frequency Magnetic Field IMMUNITY (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver) 38
13.13 Pulse Magnetic Field IMMUNITY (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver) 39
13.14 Damped oscillatory Magnetic Field IMMUNITY (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver) 39
13.15 Oscillatory waves immunity test (P540 range) 39
14. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 40
14.1 Temperature (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver) 40
14.2 Humidity (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver) 40
14.3 Enclosure protection (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver) 40
15. MECHANICAL ENVIRONMENT (P540 RANGE & P594 GPS RECEIVER) 41
15.1 Performance criteria 41







 
 

  
 
 

 

15.1.1 Severity Classes 41
15.1.2 Vibration (sinusoidal) 41
15.1.3 Shock and bump 41
15.1.4 Seismic 42
16. INFLUENCING QUANTITIES 42
16.1 Harmonics (P540 range) 42
16.2 Frequency (P540 Range) 42
17. APPLICATION SPECIFIC 43
17.1 Magnetising Inrush Current {P541 and P542} 43
17.1.1 Level settings 43
17.1.2 Accuracy 43
17.2 Stability tests during current reversal conditions (P540 range) 43
17.2.1 Features 43
17.3 Performance 43
17.4 Capacitive charging current compensation {P543, P544, P545 and P546} 43
17.4.1 Level settings 43
17.4.2 Performance 43
17.5 Transient bias characteristic for switched communication channels (P540 range –
GPS Disable for P545/P546) 43
17.5.1 Level settings 43
17.5.2 Performance 43
18. MISCELLANEOUS 44
18.1 Analogue inputs, Logic inputs, Outputs relays (P540 range) 44
18.2 Front user interface (P540 range) 44
18.3 Battery life (P540 range) 44
18.4 Frequency tracking (P540 range) 44
18.5 K-Bus compatibility (P540 range) 45
19. EC EMC COMPLIANCE (P540 RANGE, P594 GPS RECEIVER) 45
20. EC LVD COMPLIANCE (P540 RANGE, P594 GPS RECEIVER) 45


 




MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546  
1. REFERENCE CONDITIONS
The accuracy claims within this ******** are relevant for a relay operating under the
following reference conditions.
Quantity Reference conditions Test tolerance
General
Ambient temperature 20 °C ±2°C
Atmospheric pressure 86kPa to 106kPa -
Relative humidity 45 to 75 % -
Input energising quantity Reference conditions Test tolerance
Current Ιn ±5%
Voltage Vn ±5%
Frequency 50 or 60Hz ±0.5%
Auxiliary supply DC 24V, 48V or 110V
AC 63.5V or 110V
±5%
Settings Reference value
Time Multiplier Setting 1.0
Time Dial (Software 30 or
later)
1
Time Dial 7







 
 

  
 
 

 

2. PROTECTION FUNCTIONS
The following functional claims are applicable to the P540 range of current differential relays.
Note however that not all the protection functions listed below are applicable to every relay.
2.1 Phase current differential protection
2.1.1 Phase current biased differential characteristic settings
Name Range Step Size
Ιs1 0.2 - 2.0Ιn 0.05Ιn
Ιs2 1.0 – 30Ιn 0.05Ιn
K1 30 – 150% 5%
Characteristic shape determined by the following formula:
For Ιbias ≤ Ιs2
|Ιdiff| = k1|Ιbias|+ ΙS1
For Ιbias > Ιs2
|Ιdiff| = k2|Ιbias|- (k2 - k2).ΙS2 + ΙS1
Ιs1
Ιs2 Bias Current (Ιbias)
Differential Current
(Ιdiff)
RESTRAIN
OPERATE
Percentage
bias k1
Percentage bias
k2
Biased Current Differential Characteristic
2.1.2 Phase current differential high set characteristic settings (P541 and P542)
Name Range Step Size
Ι Diff >> 4.0 - 32.0Ιn 0.01Ιn
2.1.3 Differential protection operating and reset times
The time delay is user selectable as inverse time or definite time characteristics:
2.1.4 Inverse time (IDMT) characteristic
IDMT characteristics shall be selectable from a choice of four IEC/UK and five IEEE/US
curves as shown in the table overleaf.


 




MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546  
The IEC/UK IDMT curves conform to the following formula:
t = T x

  
   
K
(Ι/Ιs) α- 1
+ L
The IEEE/US IDMT curves conform to the following formula:
t = TD x

 
  
K
(Ι/Ιs)α - 1 + L
Where t = operation time
K = constant
Ι = measured current
ΙS = current threshold setting
α = constant
L = ANSI/IEEE constant (zero for IEC/UK curves)
T = Time Multiplier Setting for IEC/UK curves
TD = Time Dial Setting for IEEE/US curves
IDMT Curve de******ion Standard K Constant α Constant L Constant
Standard Inverse IEC 0.14 0.02 0
Very Inverse IEC 13.5 1 0
Extremely Inverse IEC 80 2 0
Long Time Inverse UK 120 1 0
Moderately Inverse IEEE 0.0515 0.02 0.114
Very Inverse IEEE 19.61 2 0.491
Extremely Inverse IEEE 28.2 2 0.1217
Inverse US-C08 5.95 2 0.18
Short Time Inverse US-C02 0.16758 0.02 0.11858
2.1.4.1 Required Time Multiplier Settings for IEC/UK curves
Name Range Step Size
TMS 0.025 to 1.2 0.025
2.1.4.2 Required Time Dial Settings for IEEE/US curves
Name Range Step Size
TD (software 30 or
later)
0.1 - 100 0.05
TD 0.05 - 15 0.01
2.1.4.3 Definite time characteristic
Range Step Size
0 to 100s 0.01s
The reset characteristics shall be instantaneous and shall typically be less than 60ms plus
protection channel signalling time.







 
 

   
 
 

 

2.1.5 Capacitive cable charging current settings (P543, P544, P545 and P546)
Name Range Step Size
Susceptance 10nmho*Ιn to 10mho*Ιn 10nmho*Ιn
2.1.6 Vectorial compensation settings (P541 and P542)
Setting Phase shift Action
Yy0 0° Do nothing
Yd1 30° lag Ιa = (ΙA - ΙC) / 3
Ιb = (ΙB - ΙA) / 3
Ιc = (ΙC - ΙB) / 3
Where Ιa, Ιb
and Ιc are the
corrected
currents and
Yy2 60° lag Ιa = -ΙC
Ιb = -ΙA
Ιc = - ΙB
ΙA, ΙB and ΙC
are the
uncorrected
phase
currents
Yd3 90° lag Ιa = (ΙB - ΙC) / 3
Ιb = (ΙC - ΙA) / 3
Ιc = (ΙA - ΙB) / 3
Yy4 120° lag Ιa = ΙB
Ιb = ΙC
Ιc = ΙA
Yd5 150° lag Yd11 and Invert
Yy6 180° lag Invert currents
Yd7 150° lead Yd1 and Invert
Yy8 120° lead Ιa = ΙC
Ιb = ΙA
Ιc = ΙB
Yd9 90° lead Yd3 and Invert
Yy10 60° lead Ιa = -ΙB
Ιb = -ΙC
Ιc = -ΙA
Yd11 30° lead Ιa = (ΙA - ΙB) / 3
Ιb = (ΙB - ΙC) / 3
Ιc = (ΙC - ΙA) / 3
Ydy0 0° Ιa = ΙA - (ΙA + ΙB + ΙC) / 3
Ιb = ΙB - (ΙA + ΙB + ΙC) / 3
Ιc = ΙC - (ΙA + ΙB + ΙC) / 3
Ydy6 180° lag Ydy0 and Invert
2.1.7 Current transformer ratio compensation setting
Name Range Step Size
Phase CT ratio correction 1 - 8 0.01
2.1.8 Accuracy
Pick-up Formula ±10%
Drop-off 0.75 x Formula ±10%
IDMT characteristic shape ±5% or 40ms whichever is greater
DT operation ±2% or 20ms whichever is greater
Instantaneous Operation <30ms


 




MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546  
Reset time <60ms
Repeatability ±2.5%
Characteristic UK curves IEC 60255-3 – 1998
US curves IEEE C37.112 – 1996
Vector compensation No affect on accuracy
Current transformer ratio compensation No affect on accuracy
High set characteristic setting No affect on accuracy
Two ended scheme operation No affect on accuracy
Three ended scheme operation No affect on accuracy
2.2 Three Phase Non-Directional / Directional Overcurrent Protection
2.2.1 Setting ranges
Stage Range Step size
Phase element 1st Stage 0.08 – 4.0Ιn 0.01Ιn
2nd Stage 0.08 – 4.0Ιn 0.01Ιn
3rd Stage 0.08 - 32Ιn 0.01Ιn
4th Stage 0.08 - 32Ιn 0.01Ιn
Directional overcurrent settings (P543, P544, P545 and P546 only):
Range Step Size
Relay characteristic angle -95° to +95° 1
2.2.2 Time delay settings
Each overcurrent element has an independent time setting and each time delay is capable of
being blocked by an optically isolated input:
Element Time delay type
1st Stage Definite Time (DT) or IDMT
2nd Stage DT or IDMT
3rd Stage DT
4th Stage DT
Curve type Reset time delay
IEC / UK curves DT only
All other IDMT or DT
2.2.2.1 Inverse Time (IDMT) Characteristic
IDMT characteristics are selectable from a choice of four IEC/UK and five IEEE/US curves
as shown in the table below.
The IEC/UK IDMT curves conform to the following formula:
t = T x

  
   
K
(Ι/Ιs) α- 1
+ L
The IEEE/US IDMT curves conform to the following formula:
t = TD x

 
  
K
(Ι/Ιs)α - 1 + L







 
 

  
 
 

 

Where: t = operation time
K = constant
Ι = measured current
ΙS = current threshold setting
α = constant
L = ANSI/IEEE constant (zero for IEC/UK curves)
T = Time Multiplier Setting for IEC/UK curves
TD = Time Dial Setting for IEEE/US curves
IDMT Curve de******ion Standard K Constant α Constant L Constant
Standard Inverse IEC 0.14 0.02 0
Very Inverse IEC 13.5 1 0
Extremely Inverse IEC 80 2 0
Long Time Inverse UK 120 1 0
Moderately Inverse IEEE 0.0515 0.02 0.114
Very Inverse IEEE 19.61 2 0.491
Extremely Inverse IEEE 28.2 2 0.1217
Inverse US-C08 5.95 2 0.18
Short Time Inverse US-C02 0.16758 0.02 0.11858
2.2.2.2 Time Multiplier Settings for IEC/UK curves
Name Range Step Size
TMS 0.025 to 1.2 0.025
2.2.2.3 Time Dial Settings for IEEE/US curves
Name Range Step Size
TD (Software 30 or
later)
0.1 to 100 0.01
TD 0.05-15 0.05
2.2.2.4 Definite Time Characteristic
Element Range Step Size
All stages 0 to 100s 10ms
2.2.2.5 Reset Characteristics
For all IEC/UK curves, the reset characteristic is definite time only.
For all IEEE/US curves, the reset characteristic can be selected as either inverse curve or
definite time.
The definite time can be set (as defined in IEC) to zero. Range 0 to 100 seconds in steps of
0.01 seconds.
The Inverse Reset characteristics are dependent upon the selected IEEE/US IDMT curve as
shown in the table below.
All inverse reset curves conform to the following formula:
tReset = TD x

 
  
tr
1 - (Ι/Ιs) α


 




MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546  
Where: tReset = reset time
tr = constant
Ι = measured current
ΙS = current threshold setting
α = constant
TD = Time Dial Setting (Same setting as that employed by IDMT
curve)
IEEE/US IDMT
Curve de******ion
Standard tr Constant α Constant
Moderately Inverse IEEE 4.85 2
Very Inverse IEEE 21.6 2
Extremely Inverse IEEE 29.1 2
Inverse US-C08 5.95 2
Short Time Inverse US-C02 2.261 2
Inverse Reset Characteristics
2.2.3 Accuracy
Pick-up Setting ±5%
Drop-off 0.95 x Setting ±5%
Minimum trip level of IDMT elements 1.05 x Setting ±5%
IDMT characteristic shape ±5% or 40ms whichever is greater
(under reference conditions)*
IEEE reset ±5% or 40ms whichever is greater
DT operation ±2% or 50ms whichever is greater
DT reset Setting ±5%
Directional boundary accuracy (RCA ±90°) ±2° hysteresis 2°
Characteristic UK curves IEC 60255-3 – 1998
US curves IEEE C37.112 – 1996
* Reference conditions TMS=1, TD=1 and Ι> setting of 1A, accuracy operating range 2-20Ιs







 
 

  
 
 

 

2.2.4 IEC IDMT Curves























 



!
Curve 1 Standard Inverse
Curve 2 Very Inverse
Curve 3 Extremely Inverse
Curve 4 UK Long Time Inverse


 




MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546  

2.2.5 ANSI/IEEE IDMT curves








  


 


 !


"

#

$

%

&
'( '()
Curve 5 IEEE Moderately inverse
Curve 6 IEEE Very inverse
Curve 7 IEEE Extremely inverse
Curve 8 US Inverse
Curve 9 US Short time inverse







 
 

  
 
 

 

2.3 Earth Fault Protection
2.3.1 Setting ranges
2.3.1.1 Earth Fault, Sensitive Earth Fault
Range Step Size
Earth Fault 1st Stage 0.08 - 4.0Ιn 0.01Ιn
2nd Stage 0.08 - 4.0Ιn 0.01Ιn
3rd Stage 0.08 – 32Ιn 0.01Ιn
4th Stage 0.08 – 32Ιn 0.01Ιn
Sensitive Earth Fault 1st Stage 0.005 – 0.1Ιn 0.00025Ιn
2nd Stage 0.005 – 0.1Ιn 0.00025Ιn
3rd Stage 0.005 – 0.8Ιn 0.001Ιn
4th Stage 0.005 – 0.8Ιn 0.001Ιn
2.3.1.2 Polarising Quantities for Earth Fault Measuring Elements (Models P543, P544, P545, &
P546 only)
Zero sequence voltage polarisation
Range Step size
Voltage threshold Vop> 0.5 – 80V 0.5V
Negative sequence polarisation
Range Step size
Current threshold Ι2p> 0.08 - 1.0Ιn 0.01Ιn
Voltage threshold V2p> 0.5 – 25V 0.5V
Characteristic angle -95° to +95° 1°
2.3.2 EF and SEF time delay characteristics
The earth-fault measuring elements for EF and SEF are followed by an independently
selectable time delay. These time delays are identical to those of the Phase Overcurrent
time delay. The reset time delay is the same as the Phase overcurrent reset time.
2.3.3 Wattmetric SEF settings - P543, P544, P545 & P546 (Zero sequence power settings)
Name Range Step size
PN> 0 - 20W (Rating = 1A, 100/120V) 0.05W
0 - 100W (Rating = 5A, 100/120V) 0.25W


 




MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546  
2.3.4 Accuracy
2.3.4.1 Earth fault
Pick-up Setting ±5%
Drop-off >0.85 x Setting
Minimum trip level of IDMT elements 1.05 x Setting ±5%
IDMT characteristic shape ±5% or 40ms whichever is greater
(under reference conditions)*
IEEE reset ±10% or 40ms whichever is greater
DT operation ±2% or 50ms whichever is greater
DT reset ±5% or 50ms whichever is greater
Repeatability 7.5%
* Reference conditions TMS=1, TD=1 and ΙN> setting of 1A, accuracy operating range 2-
20Ιs
2.3.4.2 SEF
Pick-up Setting ±5%
Drop-off 0.95 x Setting ±5%
Minimum trip level of IDMT elements 1.05 x Setting ±5%
IDMT characteristic shape ±5% or 40ms whichever is greater (under
reference conditions)*
IEEE reset ±17.5% or 60ms whichever is greater
DT operation ±2% or 50ms whichever is greater
DT reset ±5% or 50ms whichever is greater
Repeatability 5%
* Reference conditions TMS=1, TD=1 and ΙN> setting of 100mA, accuracy operating range
2-20Ιs
2.3.4.3 Wattmetric SEF
Pick-up For
P=0W
ISEF> ±5% or 5mA
For
P>0W
P> ±5%
Drop-off For
P=0W
(0.95 x ISEF>) ±5% or 5mA
For
P>0W
0.9 x P> ±5%
Boundary accuracy ±5% with 1° hysteresis
Repeatability 1%
2.3.4.4 Polarising Quantities
Zero Sequence Polarising
Operating boundary pick-up ±2°of RCA ±90°
Hysteresis <3°
VN> Pick-up Setting ±10%
VN> Drop-off 0.9 x Pick-up +/-10%







 
 

  
 
 

 

Negative Sequence Polarising
Operating boundary pick-up ±2°of RCA ±90°
Hysteresis <2°
V2> Pick-up Setting ±10%
V2> Drop-off 0.9 x Pick-up ±10%
Ι2> Pick-up Setting ±10%
Ι2> Drop-off 0.9 x Pick-up+/-10%
2.4 Undercurrent
2.4.1 Setting ranges
Name Range Step size
Phase Ι < 0.02 - 3.2Ιn 0.01Ιn
Earth ΙN SENSITIVE< 0.001 - 0.8Ιn 0.0005Ιn
2.4.2 Accuracy
Pick-up ±10% or 25mA whichever is the greater
Operating time <12ms
Reset <15ms
2.5 Broken Conductor Logic
2.5.1 Setting ranges
Settings Range Step size
Ι2/ Ι1 0.2 - 1.0 0.01
Time delay 0 – 100s 0.1s
2.5.2 Accuracy
Pick-up Setting ±2.5%
Drop-off 0.95 x Setting ±2.5%
DT operation ±2% or 50ms whichever is greater
Reset <25ms
2.6 Transient Overreach and Overshoot
2.6.1 Accuracy
Additional tolerance due to increasing X/R ratios ±5% over the X/R ratio of 1 to 90
Overshoot of overcurrent elements <40ms
2.7 Thermal Overload
2.7.1 Setting ranges
Name Setting Range Step Size
Time constant Single or Dual -
Thermal trip current Ιθ>> 0.08 - 4 ΙN 0.01 ΙN
Thermal alarm θ> 50 - 100% of θ>> 1% of θ>>
Time constant τ1 1 - 200 minutes 1 minute
Time constant τ2 1 - 200 minutes 1 minute


 




MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546  
2.7.2 Accuracy
Pick-up Thermal alarm Calculated trip time ±10%*
Thermal overload Calculated trip time ±10%*
Repeatability <5%
* Operating time measured with applied current of 20% above thermal setting.
2.8 Distance protection {P543, P544, P545 and P546}
2.8.1 Setting ranges
Name Setting Range Step Size
Zone 1 reach, Z1 0.1/Ιn Ω - 250/Ιn Ω 0.01/Ιn Ω
Zone 2 reach, Z2 0.1/Ιn Ω - 250/Ιn Ω 0.01/Ιn Ω
Zone 3 reach, Z3 0.1/Ιn Ω - 250/Ιn Ω 0.01/Ιn Ω
Line angle 20 – 85° 1°
Zone 1 timer, tZ1 0 – 10s 0.01s
Zone 2 timer, tZ2 0 – 10s 0.01s
Zone 3 timer, tZ3 0 – 10s 0.01s
KZN Res comp 0 – 7 0.01
KZN angle -180 - +90° 1°
RPh 0.1 – 200/Ιn Ω 0.01/Ιn Ω
RG 0.1 – 400/Ιn Ω 0.01/Ιn Ω
Delta R (PSB) 0.1 – 400/Ιn Ω 0.01/Ιn Ω
Delta X (PSB) 0.1 – 400/Ιn Ω 0.01/Ιn Ω
tZ6 (PSB) 0 – 100ms 1ms
2.8.2 Accuracy
Characteristic shape SIR<30 ±5%
SIR>30 ±10%
Instantaneous operating time <50ms
Reset time <60ms
Time delay operation Setting ±50ms or 5% whichever is greater
Hysteresis ±5%
Repeatability 5%
Distance sensitivity settings <5/Ιn Ω (0.05Ιn*5/(setting* Ιn)) ±5%
settings >5/Ιn Ω 0.05Ιn ±5%
Power swing blocking timer ±5%
2.9 Stub bus protection {P544 & P546}
2.9.1 Accuracy
See Section 2.1.8.







 
 

   
 
 

 

2.10 Direct transfer trip and inter-relay command transfer
Method Time (plus protection
signalling time)
Time for intertrip opto-input relay end A – output contact end B (opto
with filter)
40ms
Time for intertrip opto-input relay end A – output contact end B (opto
without filter)
30ms
Time for command transfer end A – PSL end B 15ms
2.11 Permissive intertrip
2.11.1 Setting ranges
Name Setting Range Step Size
Permissive intertrip timer 0 – 200 ms 5 ms
2.11.2 Accuracy
Operating level Ιs1 ±5%
Drop off level 0.75 * Ιs1 ±10%
Instantaneous operating time 40ms + protection signalling channel time + permissive
intertrip timer
Reset time <40ms
Timer accuracy Setting ±2% or 5ms whichever is greater
2.12 Single phase output contacts {P543, P544, P545 and P546}
2.12.1 Accuracy
Tripping Three pole or single and three pole
2.13 Protection signalling channel, dual redundancy, channel failure, propagation time
check and error statistics
2.13.1 Setting ranges
Name Setting Range Step Size
Data rate 56 or 64kb/s -
Scheme setting 2 terminal, 3 terminal or dual redundant -
Clock setting Internal or external -
Address 0, 1A, 1B, 1C to 20A, 20B, 20C 1
Communications failure
mode (dual redundant)
Channel 1, channel 2 and channel 1 & 2 -
Comm. fail timer 0.1 – 10s 0.1s
Comms Mode (Software 30
or later)
Standard or IEEE C37.94


 




MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546  
2.13.2 Accuracy
Data rate setting No affect on protection operation
Operation with internal/external clock No affect on protection operation
Scheme setting Relay configurable as either 2 terminal, 3 terminal or
dual redundant
Addressing Allocation of an incorrect address causes the signal
channel failure alarm
Channel failure alarm Alarm raised when appropriate channel fails
Comm. fail timer Setting ±100ms
Model compatibility P541 and P542 compatible
P543, P544, P545 & P546 compatible
Connection of a relay with a non-compatible model
produces an error message
2.14 Compatibility with External interfaces
2.14.1 P590 Series optical fibre to electrical interface units – Performance
P541, P542, P543, P544, P545, P546 are compatible with following
interfaces
P591, P592, P593
2.14.2 P594 GPS Synchronising Module
P594 GPS Module Output One pulse per second Synchronising Signal







 
 

  
 
 

 

3. SUPERVISORY FUNCTIONS
The following claims for Supervisory Functions are applicable to the P540 range of current
differential relays (model specific as detailed).
3.1 Voltage Transformer Supervision {P543, P544, P545 and P546}
3.1.1 Setting level
Name Range Step Size
Timer 1.0 - 10s 0.1s
Negative Sequence Voltage threshold (V2) 10V (100/120V) Fixed
Phase overvoltage P.U. 30V, DO 10V
(100/120V)
Fixed
Phase overcurrent 0.08Ιn to 32Ιn 0.01Ιn
Superimposed current2 0.1Ιn Fixed
Negative Sequence Current threshold (Ι2) 0.05Ιn - 0.5Ιn 0.01
VTS Time Delay 1.0 - 10s 0.1s
3.1.2 Accuracy
Fast block operation <1 cycle
Fast block reset <1.5 cycles
Time delay Setting ±2% or 20ms whichever is greater
3.2 Programmable scheme logic
3.2.1 Level settings
Name Range Step Size
Time delay t 0-14400000ms 1ms
3.2.2 Accuracy
Output conditioner timer Setting ±2% or 50ms whichever is greater
Dwell conditioner timer Setting ±2% or 50ms whichever is greater
Pulse conditioner timer Setting ±2% or 50ms whichever is greater


 




MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546  
4. CONTROL
The following claims for Control Functions are applicable to the P540 range of current
differential relays (model specific as detailed).
4.1 Autoreclose {P542, P543 and P545}
4.1.1 Level settings
Name Range Step Size
Number of shots {P542} 1 – 4 1
Single pole shot {P543 & P545} 1 – 4 1
Three pole shot {P543 & P545} 1 – 4 1
1 pole dead time {P543 & P545} 0.2 – 5s 0.01s
Dead time 1 {P542} 0.01s – 300s 0.01s
{P543 & P545} 0.2s – 30s 0.01s
Dead time 2 {P542} 0.01s – 300s 0.01s
{P543 & P545} 1s – 1800s 1s
Dead time 3 {P542} 0.01s – 9999s 0.01s
{P543 & P545} 1s – 3600s 1s
Dead time 4 {P542} 0.01s – 9999s 0.01s
{P543 & P545} 1s – 3600s 1s
CB healthy time 0.01s – 9999s 0.01s
Reclaim time 1s – 600s 0.01s
AR Inhibit wind 0.01s – 600s 0.01s
Close pulse {P543 & P545} 0.1s – 10s 0.01s
Check sync time 0.01s – 9999s 0.01s
4.1.2 Accuracy
Timers Setting ±2% or 20ms whichever is greater
4.2 Display Control and Setting Groups
4.2.1 Level settings
Settings Range Step size
Setting groups 1 - 4 1
4.2.2 Performance
Setting groups 4 independent setting groups including independent
programmable scheme logic for each group.
4.3 Differential protection re-configuration/inhibit current differential protection
4.3.1 Performance
Current differential algorithm blocked by
Energising the opto input assigned to inhibit current differential protection Compliant
Unhealthy communications link Compliant
Loss of power supply to any relay Compliant







 
 

  
 
 

 

5. MEASUREMENTS AND RECORDING FACILITIES
The following claims for Measurement & Recording facilities are applicable to the P540
range of current differential relays (model specific as detailed).
5.1 Measurements
Typically ±1%, but ±0.5% between 0.2 – 2Ιn/Vn.
Accuracy under reference conditions.
Measurand Range Accuracy
Phase current 0.05 to 3 Ιn ±1.0% of reading
Sensitive earth fault Current 0.5 to 2.5 Ιn
0.1 to 0.5 Ιn
±1.0% of reading
±5.0% of reading
Phase local current 0.05 to 3 Ιn ±1.0% of reading or ±(f-fn)/fn %
Phase remote current 0.05 to 3 Ιn ±1.0% of reading or ±(f-fn)/fn %
Phase differential current 0.05 to 3 Ιn ±5.0%
Bias current 0.05 to 3 Ιn ±5.0%
Voltage 0.05 to 2 Vn ±1.0% of reading
Power (W) 0.2 to 2 Vn
0.05 to 3 Ιn
±5.0% of reading at unity power factor
Reactive Power (VArs) 0.2 to 2 Vn
0.05 to 3 Ιn
±5.0% of reading at unity power factor
Apparent Power (VA) 0.2 to 2 Vn
0.05 to 3 Ιn
±5.0% of reading at unity power factor
Energy (Wh) 0.2 to 2 Vn
0.2 to 3 Ιn
±5% of reading at unity power factor
Energy (Varh) 0.2 to 2 Vn
0.2 to 3 Ιn
±5% of reading at zero power factor
Phase accuracy 0° to 360° ±2°
Frequency 45 to 65Hz ±1%
Power frequency 0° to 120° ±5%
5.2 IRIG-B and Real Time Clock
5.2.1 Features
Real time 24 hour clock settable in hours, minutes and seconds
Calendar settable from January 1994 to December 2092
Clock and calendar maintained via battery after loss of auxiliary supply
Internal clock synchronisation using IRIG-B
Time synchronisation by energisation of opto input
5.2.2 Performance
Year 2000 Compliant
Real time clock accuracy < ±2 seconds / day
External clock synchronisation Conforms to IRIG standard 200-98, format B
Opto input time synchronisation Energisation of opto causes seconds on relay clock to
snap or crawl to 00 seconds (rounding up or down to
nearest minute)


 




MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546  

6. POST FAULT ANALYSIS
The following claims for Post Fault Analysis Functions are applicable to the P540 range of
current differential relays (model specific as detailed).
6.1 Fault Records
6.1.1 Features
Fault record generation on protection
operation indicating
Time and date
Setting group
Start / trip element
Faulted current and voltage magnitudes
Remote, bias and differential currents
Frequency
Fault Clearance time
CB operating time
Protection operating time
Fault location
Autoreclose shot number
Alarm events generated on the following
indications
Protection disabled/test mode
VTS
CB alarms
Autoreclose
Frequency out of range
Battery status
Incompatible relays
Differential protection inhibited
Configuration / reconfiguration error
Field voltage fail
Loopback test
Signal fail alarm
Signal propagation delay alarm
Differential fail alarm
C Diff Comm Mode (Software 30 or later)
IEEE C37.94 (Software 30 or later)
Setting groups
6.1.2 Performance
Fault record display indication and information Correct
Alarm events display indication and information Correct
Time and date stamping ±10ms of applied fault/event
Fault Clearance time ±2%
CB operating time ±10ms
Protection operating time ±2%
6.2 Disturbance Records
6.2.1 Level settings
Settings Range Step size
Duration 0.1 – 10.5s 10ms
Trigger position 0 – 100% 0.1%
8 analogue channels, 32 digital channels, single or extended trigger modes
6.2.2 Accuracy
Waveshape Comparable with applied quantities
Magnitude and relative phases ±5% of applied quantities
Duration ±2%
Trigger position ±2% (minimum trigger 100ms)







 
 

  
 
 

 

6.3 Fault Locator Settings {P543, P544, P545 and P546}
6.3.1 Level settings
Name Range Step size
Line length 0.01 to 1000km ** 0.01km ** ** Or Equivalent
Line impedance 0.1/Ιn to 250/Ιn Ω 0.01/Ιn Ω (in miles)
Line angle 20° to 85° 1°
Line residual 0 to 7 0.01
Residual angle
(Software 30 or later)
-180° to 90° 1°
Residual angle -90° to 90° 1°
6.3.2 Accuracy
Fault location ±2% of line length (Under reference conditions)*
* Reference conditions solid fault applied on line.
7. PLANT SUPERVISION
The following claims for Plant Supervision Functions are applicable to the P540 range of
current differential relays (model specific as detailed).
7.1 CB State Monitoring Control and Condition Monitoring
7.1.1 Level settings
Setting Range Step
Trip pulse time 0.01 – 5s 0.01s
Close pulse time 0.01 – 10s 0.01s
Broken current exponent 1 – 2 0.1
Excessive fault frequency 0 – 9999 1
7.1.2 Accuracy
Timers ±2% or 20ms whichever is greater
Broken current accuracy ±5%
7.2 CB State Monitoring Control, breaker fail and backtrip, breaker fail timer
7.2.1 Level settings
Setting Range Step
Breaker fail timer 1 0 – 10s 0.01s
Breaker fail timer 2 0 – 10s 0.01s
7.2.2 Accuracy
Timers ±2% or 40ms whichever is greater
Reset <30ms


 




MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546  
8. LOCAL AND REMOTE COMMUNICATIONS
The following claims for Local & Remote Communications are applicable to the P540 range
of current differential relays (model specific as detailed).
8.1 Front Port
Front port Communication Parameters (Fixed)
Protocol Courier
Address 1
Message format IEC 60870FT1.2
Baud rate 19200 bits/s
8.2 Rear Port 1
Rear port settings Setting options Setting available for
RP1 Address 0 – 254 (step 1)
0 – 255 (step 1)
1 – 247 (step 1)
0 – 65519 (step 1)
IEC*
Courier
Modbus
DNP3.0
RP1 Inactiv Timer 1 – 30 minutes (step 1) All
RP1 Baud Rate 1200 bits/s
2400 bits/s
4800 bits/s
9600 bits/s
19200 bits/s
38400 bits/s
DNP3.0
DNP3.0
DNP3.0
All (not KBus)
All (not KBus)
All except IEC* and KBus
RP1 Parity “Odd”, “Even” or “None” Modbus/DNP3.0
RP1 Meas Period 1 – 60 minutes (step 1) IEC* only
RP1 Physical Link
(Software 30 or later)
EIA(RS)485 Courier, Modbus, IEC* and
DNP3.0
Fibre optic Courier (except when K-Bus
selected or UCA2 option fitted)
Modbus
IEC*
DNP3.0
RP1 Physical Link EIA(RS)485
Fibre optic
IEC*
IEC*
RP1 Time Sync Enabled / Disabled DNP 3.0
RP1 CS103 Blocking Disabled / Monitor Block /
Command Block
IEC* Only
RP1 Port Config K-Bus / Courier (RS485) Courier Only
RP1 Comms Mode IEC 60870 FT1.2 / 10 bit Courier Only
* IEC = IEC60870-5-103
8.2.1 Performance
Front and rear ports conforming to Courier communication protocol Compliant
Rear ports conforming to Modbus communication protocol Compliant
Rear ports conforming to 870-5 103 communication protocol Compliant
Rear ports conforming to DNP3.0 communication protocol Compliant







 
 

  
 
 

 

8.3 Second Rear Communication Port
Setting Setting Options Setting available for
RP2 Port Config EIA232, EIA485 or kbus
RP2 Comms Mode IEC60870 FT1.2, 11 bit frame
or
IEC60870, 10 bit frame
EIA232 and EIA485
RP2 Address 0 – 255 (step 1) All
Rp2 InactivTimer 1 – 30 minutes (step 1) All
RP2 Baud Rate 9600/19200/38400 bits/s EIA232 and EIA485
Note: To avoid exceeding second rear communications port flash
clearances the length of the cable, between the port and associated
communications equipment should be limited to 300 metres. In
situations where 300 metres may be insufficient it must be ensured
that the communications cable is not laid in close proximity to high
current carrying conductors. The communications cable should be
screened with screen earthed at one end only.
8.4 Ethernet Communications (P543, P544, P545 and P546)
Name Range Step Size
IP Address 000.000.000.000 – 255.255.255.255 1
Subnet Mask 000.000.000.000 – 255.255.255.255 255
Number of Routes 0 – 4 1
Router Address 1 000.000.000.000 – 255.255.255.255 1
Target Network 1 000.000.000.000 – 255.255.255.255 1
Router Address 2 000.000.000.000 – 255.255.255.255 1
Target Network 2 000.000.000.000 – 255.255.255.255 1
Router Address 3 000.000.000.000 – 255.255.255.255 1
Target Network 3 000.000.000.000 – 255.255.255.255 1
Router Address 4 000.000.000.000 – 255.255.255.255 1
Target Network 4 000.000.000.000 – 255.255.255.255 1
NIC InactivTimer 1 – 30 1
Default Pass Lvl 0 – 2 1
GOOSE Min Cycle 1 – 50 1
GOOSE Max Cycle 1 – 60 1
GOOSE Increment 0 – 999 1
GOOSE Startup Promiscuous / Broadcast -
Ethernet Media Copper / Fibre -
Link Timeout 0.1s – 60s 0.1s


 




MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546  
9. DIAGNOSTICS
The following claims for Diagnostic Functions are applicable to the P540 range of current
differential relays (model specific as detailed).
9.1 Features
Power up self checking with watchdog indication of healthy condition
Watchdog and front display indication of a hardware or software failure occurring during power up
or during normal in service operation
9.2 Performance
Power up / continuous self checks Compliant
Watchdog operation Compliant
Co-processor failure detection Compliant
Time to power up < 11s







 
 

   
 
 

 

10. RATINGS
The following claims for Ratings are applicable to the P540 range of current differential
relays (model specific as detailed) and P594 GPS Receiver Module.
10.1 Nominal ratings
10.1.1 Currents (All P540 range)
Ιn = 1A or 5A ac rms.
Separate terminals are provided for the 1A and 5A windings, with the neutral input of each
winding sharing one terminal.
All current inputs will withstand the following, with any current function setting:
Withstand Duration
4Ιn Continuous rating
4.5Ιn 10 minutes
5Ιn 5 minutes
6Ιn 3 minutes
7Ιn 2 minutes
30Ιn 10 seconds
50Ιn 3 seconds
100Ιn 1 second
Pass Criteria Winding temperatures <105° C
Dielectric withstand and insulation resistance unimpaired
10.1.2 Voltage inputs (All P540 range)
All voltage inputs will withstand the following, with any voltage function setting.
Nominal Voltage (Vn) Operating range
100-120Vph - ph rms. 0 to 200Vph - ph rms.
Withstand
(Vn = 100/120V)
Duration
240Vph - ph rms. Continuous rating (2Vn)
312Vph - ph rms. 10 seconds (2.6Vn)
Pass Criteria Winding temperatures <105° C
Dielectric withstand and insulation resistance unimpaired
10.1.3 Auxiliary voltages (All P540 range + P594 as indicated)
10.1.3.1 P540 range
Three auxiliary power supply versions are available:
Nominal Ranges Operative dc range Operative ac range
24-48 V dc 19 - 65 V Not available
48-110 V dc (30/100 V ac rms.) ** 37 - 150 V 24 – 110 V
110-250 V dc (100/240 V ac rms.) ** 87 - 300 V 80 – 265 V
** rated for AC or DC operation.


 




MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546  
Pass Criteria All functions operate as specified within the operative ranges
All power supplies operate continuously over their operative ranges, and
environmental conditions
10.1.3.2 P594
Two auxiliary power supply versions are available:
Nominal Ranges Operative dc range Operative ac range
24/125 V dc (110 V ac rms.) ** 19 – 150 V 50 – 133 V
48/250 V dc (110/230 V ac rms.) ** 33 – 300 V 87 – 265 V
10.1.4 ‘Universal’ Logic inputs (P540 range)
Standard 60% - 80% Nominal Battery 50% - 70% (Software 30 or later)
Voltage (Vdc) No Operation
(logic 0) Vdc
Operation
(logic 1) Vdc
No Operation
(logic 0) Vdc
Operation
(logic 1) Vdc
24 / 27 <16.2 >19.2 <12.0 >16.8
30 / 34 <20.4 >24.0 <15.0 >21.0
48 / 54 <32.4 >38.4 <24.0 >33.6
110 / 125 <75.0 >88.0 <55.0 >77.0
220 / 250 <150.0 >176.0 <110 >154
10.1.5 Output contacts (P540 range)
Make & Carry 30A for 3s
Carry 250A for 30ms
10A continuous
Break DC: 50W resistive
DC: 62.5W inductive (L/R = 50ms)
AC: 2500VA resistive
AC: 2500VA inductive (P.F. = 0.7)
Maxima: 10A and 300V
Loaded contact: 10,000 operation minimum
Unloaded contact: 100,000 operations minimum
Watchdog Contact
Break DC: 30W resistive
DC: 15W inductive (L/R = 40ms)
AC: 275VA inductive (P.F. = 0.7)
10.1.6 Field voltage (P540 range)
Rated field voltage output 48V dc
Rated field voltage current limit 112mA ±20%
Operating range 40V to 60V
Alarm voltage 35 V ±5%
10.2 Burdens
10.2.1 Current (P540 range)
Reference current (Ιn)
Phase <0.15VA at rated current
10.2.2 Voltage (P540 range)
Reference voltage (Vn)







 
 

  
 
 

 

Vn = 100/120V <0.02VA at 110V
10.2.3 Auxiliary voltage
10.2.3.1 P540 range
Typical values
Type Case size Minimum*
P541 Size 8”/40TE 11W or 24VA
P542, P543, P544 Size 12”/60TE 11W or 24VA
P545, P546 Size 16”/80TE 11W or 24VA
* no output contacts or optos energised
For each energised Opto powered from the Field Voltage or each energised Output Relay:
Each additional energised opto input 0.09W
(24/27, 30/34, 48/54V)
Each additional energised opto input 0.12W (110/125V)
Each additional energised opto input 0.19W (220/250V)
Each additional energised output relay 0.13W
10.2.3.2 P594 GPS Module
Type Case size Nominal
P594 20TE 4W
10.2.4 Logic inputs (P540 range)
Typically 10mVA at 48v (field voltage)
10.2.5 Optically isolated inputs
Peak current of opto inputs when energised is 3.5mA (0-300V)
Maximum input voltage 300V dc (any setting).


 




MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546  
11. CT REQUIREMENTS (P540 RANGE)
11.1 Current differential protection
For accuracy, class X or class 5P current transformers (CTs) are strongly recommended.
The knee point voltage of the CTs should comply with the minimum requirements of the
formula shown below.
Vk ≥ K . Ιn (Rct + 2 RL)
Where:
Vk = Required IEC knee point voltage
K = Dimensioning factor
Ιn = CT nominal secondary current
Rct = CT resistance
RL = One-way lead impedance from CT to relay
K is a constant depending on:
Ιf = Maximum value of through fault current for stability (multiple of In)
X/R = Primary system X/R ratio
K is determined as follows:
For relays set at Ιs1 = 20%, Ιs2 = 2 Ιn, k1 = 30%, k2 = 150%:
K ≥ 40 + (0.07 x (Ιf x X/R))
And: K ≥ 65
This is valid for (Ιf x X/R) ≤ 1000
For higher (Ιf x X/R) up to 1600 :
K = 107.
For relays set at Ιs1 = 20%, Ιs2 = 2 Ιn, k1 = 30%, k2 = 100%:
K ≥ 40 + (0.35 x (Ιf x X/R))
And: K ≥ 65
This is valid for (Ιf x X/R) ≤ 600
For higher (Ιf x X/R) up to 1600 :
K = 256.
11.2 Earth fault protection
Using core balance CT.
Vk > 6 (N) (Ιn)(RCT + 2RL)
where maximum X/R ratio =5 and the maximum earth fault current =2 x Ιn
where
Vk, Rct, RL = (See above)
N = Max. earth fault current/core balance CT rated primary current
Note: N should not be greater than 2. The core balance CT must be
selected accordingly.







 
 

  
 
 

 

12. HIGH VOLTAGE WITHSTAND (P540 RANGE & P594)
12.1 Dielectric withstand, impulse, insulation resistance and ANSI test requirements
insulation test voltage
12.1.1 Impulse
IEC 60255-5:2000
5kV 1.2/50μs impulse, common and differential mode - input, power supply, & terminal block
communications connections.
12.1.2 Dielectric withstand
IEC 60255-5:2000
2kV rms. for 1 minute between all terminals connected together and case earth.
2kV rms. for 1 minute between all terminals of independent circuits with terminals on each
independent circuit connected together.
1kV rms. for 1 minute across watchdog contacts.
12.1.3 ANSI dielectric withstand
ANSI/IEEE C37.90. (1989) (Reaff. 1994)
1kV rms. for 1 minute across open contacts of the watchdog contacts.
1kV rms. for 1 minute across open contacts of changeover output contacts.
1.5kV rms. for 1 minute across normally open output contacts.
12.1.4 Insulation resistance
IEC 60255-5:2000
100 MΩ minimum.


 




MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546  

13. ELECTRICAL ENVIRONMENT
13.1 Performance criteria
The following three classes of performance criteria are used within sections 13.2 to 13.12
(where applicable) to specify the performance of the MiCOM relay when subjected to the
electrical interference. The performance criteria are based on the performance criteria
specified in EN50263: 2000.
13.1.1 Class A
During the testing the relay shall not maloperate, upon completion of the testing the relay
shall function as specified. A maloperation shall include a transient operation of the output
contacts, operation of the watchdog contacts, reset of any of the relays microprocessors, an
alarm indication, degradation of measurements or human-machine interface.
Communications must continue uncorrupted via the communications ports during the tests,
however communications may continue with a higher bit error rate during the tests, provided
that it recovers with no external intervention and does not allow data to be lost.
If the above performance criteria are satisfied, MiCOM Px40 Platform has passed the test for
this performance criteria level.
13.1.2 Class B
During the testing the relay shall not maloperate, upon completion of the testing the relay
shall function as specified. A maloperation shall include a transient operation of the output
contacts, operation of the watchdog contacts, reset of any of the relays microprocessors, an
alarm indication. Temporary degradation of measurements or human-machine interface is
acceptable provided it self recovers and there is no loss of stored data.
Communications must continue uncorrupted via the communications ports during the tests,
however communications may continue with a higher bit error rate during the tests, provided
that it recovers with no external intervention and does not allow data to be lost.
If the above performance criteria are satisfied, MiCOM Px40 Platform has passed the test for
this performance criteria level.
13.1.3 Class C
The MiCOM Px40 Platform relay shall power down and power up again in a controlled
manner. The output relays are permitted to change state during the test as long as they
reset once the relay powers up.
Communications to MiCOM Px40 Platform may be suspended during the testing as long as
communications recovers with no external intervention after testing.
13.2 Auxilary supply tests, dc interruption, etc.
13.2.1 DC voltage interruptions
13.2.1.1 P540 RANGE
IEC 60255-11:1979.
DC Auxiliary Supply Interruptions 2, 5, 10, 20ms. Performance criteria - Class A.
DC Auxiliary Supply Interruptions 50, 100, 200ms, 40s. Performance criteria - Class C.
P594 GPS Receiver Module
IEC 60255-11:1979.
DC Auxiliary Supply Interruptions 2, 5, 10, 20ms. Performance criteria - Class A.
DC Auxiliary Supply Interruptions 50, 100, 200ms, 40s. Performance criteria - Class C.







 
 

  
 
 

 

13.2.2 DC voltage fluctuations
13.2.2.1 P540 range
IEC 60255-11:1979.
AC 100Hz ripple superimposed on DC max. and min. auxiliary supply at 12% of highest
rated DC.
Performance criteria - Class A.
13.2.2.2 P594 GPS Receiver Module
IEC 60255-11:1979.
AC 100Hz ripple superimposed on DC max. and min. auxiliary supply at 12% of highest
rated DC.
Performance criteria - Class A.
13.3 AC voltage dips and short interruptions
13.3.1 AC Voltage short interruptions
13.3.1.1 P540 range
IEC 61000-4-11:1994.
AC Auxiliary Supply Interruptions 2, 5, 10, 20ms. Performance criteria - Class A.
AC Auxiliary Supply Interruptions 50, 100, 200ms, 1s, 40s. Performance criteria - Class C.
13.3.2 AC voltage dips
13.3.2.1 P540 range
IEC 61000-4-11:1994
AC Auxiliary Supply 100% Voltage Dips 2, 5, 10, 20ms. Performance criteria - Class A.
AC Auxiliary Supply 100% Voltage Dips 50, 100, 200ms, 1s, 40s. Performance criteria -
Class C.
AC Auxiliary Supply 60% Voltage Dips 2, 5, 10, 20ms. Performance criteria - Class A.
AC Auxiliary Supply 60% Voltage Dips 50, 100, 200ms, 1s, 40s. Performance criteria - Class
C.
AC Auxiliary Supply 30% Voltage Dips 2, 5, 10, 20ms. Performance criteria - Class A.
AC Auxiliary Supply 30% Voltage Dips 50, 100, 200ms, 1s, 40s. Performance criteria - Class
C.
13.4 High Frequency Disturbance IEC 60255-22-1:1988 Class III. (P540 range & P594 GPS
Receiver)
1MHz burst disturbance test.
2.5kV common mode.
Power supply, field voltage, CTs, VTs, opto inputs, output contacts, IRIG-B and terminal
block communications connections.
1kV differential mode.
Power supply, field voltage, CTs, VTs, opto inputs and output contacts.
Performance criteria Class A.
Fast Transients (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver)
EN 61000-4-4:1995 (IEC 60255-22-4:2002 ), Level 3 and Level 4.
2kV 5kHz (Level 3) and 4kV 2.5kHz (Level 4) direct coupling.
Power supply, field voltage, opto inputs, output contacts, CTs, VTs.


 




MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546  
2kV 5kHz (Level 3) and 4kV 2.5kHz (Level 4) capacitive clamp.
IRIG-B and terminal block communications connections.
Performance criteria Class A.
13.5 Conducted / Radiated emissions (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver)
13.5.1 Conducted emissions
EN55022:1998 (EN60255-25:2000).
0.15 - 0.5MHz, 79dBμV (quasi peak) 66dBμV (average).
0.5 - 30MHz, 73dBμV (quasi peak) 60dBμV (average).
Radiated emissions
EN55022:1998 (EN60255-25:2000).
30 - 230MHz, 40dBμV/m at 10m measurement distance.
230 - 1000MHz, 47dBμV/m at 10m measurement distance.
13.6 Conducted / Radiated Immunity (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver)
13.6.1 Conducted immunity
EN 61000-4-6:1996 Level 3 (EN60255-22-6:2001).
10V emf @ 1kHz 80% am, 150kHz to 80MHz.
Spot tests at 27MHz, 68MHz.
Performance criteria Class A.
13.6.2 Radiated immunity
EN 61000-4-3: 2002 Level 3 (IEC 60255-22-3:2000 Class III)
10 V/m 80MHz - 1GHz @ 1kHz 80% am.
Spot tests at 80MHz, 160MHz, 450MHz, 900MHz and 900MHz (200Hz rep. freq., 50% duty
cycle pulse modulated).
Performance criteria Class A.
13.6.3 Radiated immunity from digital radio telephones
EN 61000-4-3: 2002 Level 4
30 V/m 800MHz – 960MHz and 1.4GHz – 2GHz @ 1kHz 80% am.
Performance criteria Class A.
13.7 Electrostatic Discharge (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver)
EN61000-4-2:1995 Level 3 and Level 4 (EN60255-22-2:1996).
Level 4: 15kV air discharge.
Level 4: 8kV contact discharge.
Tests carried out both with and without cover fitted.
Performance criteria Class A.







 
 

  
 
 

 

13.8 Surge Immunity (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver)
EN61000-4-5:1995 Level 4 (EN60255-22-5:2002).
4kV common mode 12Ω source impedance, 2kV differential mode 2Ω source impedance,
level 4.
Power supply.
4kV common mode 42Ω source impedance, 2kV differential mode 42Ω source impedance,
Level 4.
Opto inputs, relays, field voltage, CT, VT.
4kV common mode 2Ω source impedance applied to cable screen.
Terminal block communications connections and IRIG-B.
2kV common mode 42Ω source impedance applied each line to earth.
RJ45 ethernet communications.
Performance criteria Class A.
13.9 Power Frequency Interference (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver)
NGTS* 2.13 Issue 3 April 1998, section 5.5.6.9.
500V rms. common mode.
250V rms. differential mode.
Voltage applied to all non-mains frequency inputs. Interference applied to all permanently
connected communications circuits via the induced voltage method.
Performance criteria Class A.
* National Grid Technical Specification
13.10 Surge Withstand Capability (SWC) - (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver)
ANSI/IEEE C37.90.1 2002
Oscillatory SWC Test.
2.5kV, 1MHz - common and differential mode – applied to all circuits except for IRIG-B and
terminal block communications, which are tested using a capacitor clamp.
Fast Transient SWC Tests
4kV crest voltage - common and differential mode - applied to all circuits except for IRIG-B
and terminal block communications, which are tested using a capacitor clamp.
Performance criteria Class A.
13.11 Radiated Immunity (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver)
ANSI/IEEE C37.90.2 1995
35 V/m 25MHz - 1GHz, no modulation applied to all sides.
35 V/m 25MHz - 1GHz, 100% pulse modulated, front only.
Performance criteria Class A.
13.12 Power Frequency Magnetic Field IMMUNITY (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver)
EN61000-4-8:1993 Level 5.
100A/m field applied continuously in all planes for the EUT in a quiescent and tripping state
1000A/m field applied for 3s in all planes for the EUT in a quiescent and tripping state
Performance criteria Class A.


 




MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546  
13.13 Pulse Magnetic Field IMMUNITY (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver)
EN 61000-4-9:1993 Level 5.
1000A/m field applied in all planes for the EUT in a quiescent state
Performance criteria Class A.
13.14 Damped oscillatory Magnetic Field IMMUNITY (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver)
EN61000-4-10:1993 Level 5.
100A/m field applied in all planes at 100kHz / 1MHz with a burst duration of 2 seconds
Performance criteria Class A.
13.15 Oscillatory waves immunity test (P540 range)
EN61000-4-12:1995 Level 3.
2.5kV peak between indpendent circuits and case earth.
1.0kV peak across terminals of the same circuit.
Performance criteria Class A.







 
 

   
 
 

 

14. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
14.1 Temperature (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver)
IEC 60068-2-1:1990/A2:1994 - Cold
IEC 60068-2-2:1974/A2:1994 - Dry heat
IEC 60255-6:1988.
Operating temperature range °C Storage temperature range °C
Cold
Temperature
Dry heat
Temperature
Cold
Temperature
Dry heat
Temperature
-25 55 -25 70
14.2 Humidity (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver)
IEC 60068-2-3:1969
Damp heat, steady state, 40° C ± 2° C and 93% relative humidity (RH) +2% -3%, duration 56
days.
IEC 60068-2-30:1980.
Damp heat cyclic, six (12 + 12 hour cycles) of 55°C ±2°C 93% ±3% RH and 25°C ±3°C 93%
±3% RH.
14.3 Enclosure protection (P540 range & P594 GPS Receiver)
IEC 60529:1989.
IP52 front face
IP30 sides of case
IP10 rear of case
IP5x – Protected against dust, limited ingress permitted.
IP3x – Protected against solid foreign ******s of 25mm diameter and greater.
IP1x – Protected against solid foreign ******s of 50mm diameter and greater.
IPx2 – Protected against vertically falling drops of water with the product in 4 fixed positions
of 15° tilt with a flow rate of 3mm/minute for 2.5 minutes.
Ipx0 – No protection against water ingress.


 




MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546  
15. MECHANICAL ENVIRONMENT (P540 RANGE & P594 GPS RECEIVER)
15.1 Performance criteria
The following severity classes are used, where applicable, to specify the performance to
specify the performance of the MiCOM relay, when subjected to mechanical testing.
15.1.1 Severity Classes
The following table details the Class and Typical Applications of the vibration, shock bump
and seismic tests detailed previously
Class Typical Application
1 Measuring relays and protection equipment for normal use in power plants,
substations and industrial plants and for normal transportation conditions
2 Measuring relays and protection equipment for which a very high security margin is
required or where the vibration (shock and bump) (seismic shock) levels are very
high, e.g. shipboard application and for severe transportation conditions.
15.1.2 Vibration (sinusoidal)
IEC 60255-21-1:1988
Cross over frequency - 58 to 60 Hz
Vibration Response
Severity Class Peak
displacement
below cross over
frequency
(mm)
Peak acceleration
above cross over
frequency
(gn)
Number of
sweeps in each
axis
Frequency
range (Hz)
2 0.075 1 1 10 – 150
Vibration Endurance
Severity Class Peak acceleration
(gn)
Number of
sweeps in each
axis
Frequency range
(Hz)
2 2.0 20 10 – 150
15.1.3 Shock and bump
IEC 60255-21-2:1988
Type of test Severity Class Peak acceleration
(gn)
Duration of
pulse
(ms)
Number of Pulses
in each direction
Shock response 2 10 11 3
Shock withstand 1 15 11 3
Bump 1 10 16 1000







 
 

  
 
 

 

15.1.4 Seismic
IEC 60255-21-3:1993
Cross over frequency - 8 to 9Hz
x = horizontal axis, y = vertical axis
Severity Class Peak displacement
below cross over
frequency (mm)
Peak acceleration
above cross over
frequency (gn)
Number of
sweep cycles in
each axis
Frequency
range (Hz)
x y x y
2 7.5 3.5 2.0 1.0 1 1- 35
16. INFLUENCING QUANTITIES
16.1 Harmonics (P540 range)
Tolerances quoted are an additional tolerance with respect to measured accuracy without
harmonics.
Harmonics applied 2nd – 17th 10% harmonics
Measurements / filtered relay inputs Unaffected by harmonics
Fault locator ±2% of line length
16.2 Frequency (P540 Range)
Operating frequency 45Hz – 65Hz Affect
Overcurrent protection Unaffected by frequency
Earth fault protection Unaffected by frequency
Sensitive earth fault protection Unaffected by frequency
Disturbance recorder Unaffected by frequency
Check sync slip frequency Unaffected by frequency
Differential protection single end fed ± (f-fn)/fn %
double end fed ± 2*(f-fn)/fn %


 




MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546  
17. APPLICATION SPECIFIC
17.1 Magnetising Inrush Current {P541 and P542}
17.1.1 Level settings
Setting Range Step
Ιd High set 4 – 32A 0.01A
17.1.2 Accuracy
Minimum Ιd setting for stability (60MVA) >40% of max. peak inrush current
Operating times <40ms
17.2 Stability tests during current reversal conditions (P540 range)
17.2.1 Features
Relay to remain stable for current reversals within the protected feeder
17.3 Performance
Stability during current reversals Compliant
17.4 Capacitive charging current compensation {P543, P544, P545 and P546}
17.4.1 Level settings
Setting Range Step
Susceptance 0.01μS – 10S 0.01μS
17.4.2 Performance
Capacitive current compensation disabled Ιs1 to be set at least 2.5 times the steady state
charging current for stability
Capacitive current compensation enabled Ιs1 settable below the steady state charging current
without maloperating
17.5 Transient bias characteristic for switched communication channels (P540 range –
GPS Disable for P545/P546)
17.5.1 Level settings
Setting Range Step
Comm delay tol. 250 - 1000μs 50μs
Char mod time 0 – 2s 100μs
17.5.2 Performance
Propagation delay exceeding setting Bias characteristic modified for set time delay
Timers ±2% or 20ms whichever is greater







 
 

  
 
 

 

18. MISCELLANEOUS
18.1 Analogue inputs, Logic inputs, Outputs relays (P540 range)
Relay 1A/5A dual
rated CTs
100 / 120V
VTs
Logic inputs Output relays Output LEDs Test port
P541 4 0 8 7 8 TTL logic
output
P542 4 0 16 14 8 TTL logic
output
P543 5 4 16 14 8 TTL logic
output
P544 9 3 16 14 8 TTL logic
output
P545 5 4 24 32 8 TTL logic
output
P546 9 3 24 32 8 TTL logic
output
status
displayed on
LCD
status
displayed on
LCD
test pattern
available on
front user
interface
DDB*
signals
mapped to
front port for
test
purposes
*Digital Data Bus
18.2 Front user interface (P540 range)
All relay settings configurable from front user interface with the exception of
programmable scheme logic, GOOSE logic and DNP.
Compliant
Back light inactivity timer 15 min. ±1min.
Two levels of password protection. Protection critical cells have high level
password protection with other cells requiring a lower or no password
Compliant
Password protection removable Compliant
18.3 Battery life (P540 range)
Battery life (assuming relay energised for 90% of time) > 10 years
1/2 AA size 3.6 V lithium thionyl chloride battery (SAFT advanced battery
reference LS14250)
Low battery voltage, failure or absence of battery will be indicated Compliant
The relay is protected against incorrect insertion of battery Compliant
Removal of the battery with the relay energised will no affect records, events or
real time clock
Compliant
18.4 Frequency tracking (P540 range)
Relay will frequency track over its entire operating range 45 – 65Hz
The relay will frequency track off any voltage or current inputs Compliant
The relay will frequency track down to the following Voltage
Levels: Current
Effect of harmonic None, relay
tracks off
fundamental
frequency


 




MiCOM P541, P542,
P543, P544, P545, P546  

18.5 K-Bus compatibility (P540 range)
Relay K-Bus interface compatible with other relays of different product families
using K-Bus.
Compliant
Relay K-Bus port operates over 1km range with loading at either end of
transmission line.
Compliant
19. EC EMC COMPLIANCE (P540 RANGE, P594 GPS RECEIVER)
Compliance to the European Community Directive 89/336/EEC amended by 93/68/EEC is
claimed via the Technical Construction File route.
The Competent Body has issued a Technical Certificate and a Declaration of Conformity has
been completed.
The following standard shall be used for reference and to establish conformity:
EN 50263:2000 Electromagnetic compatibilty (EMC) Product Standard for measuring
relays and protection equipment.
20. EC LVD COMPLIANCE (P540 RANGE, P594 GPS RECEIVER)
Compliance with European Community Directive on Low Voltage 73/23/EEC is
demonstrated by reference to generic safety standards:
EN 61010-1:2001
EN 60950-1:2001







 
 

  
 
 

 


[sashoo]

شكراً لك اخي الكريم

[issa alajarmeh]

thanks alot

[عبد الرحمن سرحان مجدى]

جزاك الله خيرا